I'm wondering whether this could be a reason for some African Americans' resistance to being DNA tested? Having as children early last century had their noses rubbed in the very negative picture of Africans held by the whites and being told 'This is what YOU are.' And so running from that negative identity through identification with Native American heritage or the European part of our genetic makeup. I've been trying to figure out why my father refuses to be tested, so through understanding why he feels that way I could maybe persuade him. Our family narrative does include Indians. Maybe he doesn't want to risk discovering at age 90 that he has been fooled, or that someone he respects (his father) was fooled.