I'm sorry David, but you and others are wrong. When these individuals left their home states, Alabama and Mississippi, they did not come straight into what we know as Oklahoma Indian Territory.

In 1860, Cow Tom was a free black man, he is not listed as being Indian, just living in Indian Territory, which at that time was part of Arkansas.

EXAMPLE: Caroline (Bush) Gentry was a white woman living in Mississippi in 1850. The family left Mississippi to move into Creek Nation Indian Territory, according to the 1860 census. In the 1850 census she was not part of Creek Nation.

1850 United States Federal Census

Name: Caroline Gentry
Age: 38
Estimated Birth Year: abt 1812
Birth Place: South Carolina
Gender: Female
Home in 1850(City,County,State): Western Division, Chickasaw, Mississippi
Household Members: Name Age
Albert J Gentry 3
Caroline Gentry 38
James G Gentry 36
Levi L Gentry 6
Mary E Gentry 11
Nancy C Gentry 0
William E Gentry 8

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1860 United States Federal Census

Name: Caroline Gentry
Age in 1860: 47
Birth Year: abt 1813
Birthplace: Georgia
Home in 1860: Creek Nation, Indian Lands, Arkansas
Gender: Female
Post Office: Micco
Value of real estate: View Image
Household Members: Name
Caroline Gentry 47