Hello Robert,

Circuit Court Judge Robert M. Duncan who issued the desegregation order for the Columbus, OH Public Schools and his wife, Shirley Anne (Thomas) Duncan, are both in my extended family lines. They are African American's from small towns in Ohio ... Urbana & Piqua .... and they attended integrated schools. Shirley graduating from High School in Piqua, Ohio 1 year before me.

Small world, huh?
Art Thomas

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Robert wrote:
I knew nothing of "Jim Crow" personally but after the school system where I attended elementary, desegregated, it made sense. According to a court case during the 1970s, the Columbus (Ohio) Public schools intentionally segregated schools based on race beginning in 1909.

I was familiar with Brown v. Board during my academic career in middle school and was shocked that such things were going on up until the 1970s way Up South.

Penik v. Columbus Public Schools is the case that changed the equation:

Link
http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=2063