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*... Are there any sources or lists of names available of the different AA settlements.
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None that I know of. I would guess that would be one of the reasons for this forum. Such knowledge tends to be quite esoteric in nature.

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* Maybe I can find a family with someone named Abraham. He was born about 1853. With all these Basses in North Carolina, Ohio and Indiana I just have this feeling that I'm getting closer. I don't know his parents name but I know they were from North Carolina. He was in Troy Indiana in 1880 census with one year old Everett but no trace afterward. Two other children born after that. What is the best source to try to find his parents names?
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You already hit on it. He should be about 7 years old in the 1860 census. You would have to look at all BASS households in 1860 North Carolina, and hope to find a BASS family with an Abraham/Abe about seven years old (hope you have broadband/highspeed). And then you wouldn't really know for sure if that is your Abraham but it would give you names and places to work with to try to obtain more evidence. Since he married in 1878 he also could be in the household of his parents in 1870. Also if born about 1853 there is a possibility that he may have died late enough for you to find a death certificate that would list parents etc.

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* We think he may have lived in Kentucky since it shows his wife Emma Owens was born there. Were there any plantations with the name Bass connected to it anywhere else?
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Not in the way I believe you mean.