Black Canadian is a term used to identify a Canadian of predominantly, or at least partial, African descent. Historically the majority of those in Canada of African descent have been Black, therefore the term is not typically used to apply to non-black people. It is also becoming increasingly common to refer to a black Canadian as an African Canadian or Afro-Canadian, with the US term African American being sometimes used as well.

Many Black Canadians, or blacks as they are sometimes known, are descendants of: persons who left the United States to escape from slavery during the 1800s, Black Canadian slaves, and persons who immigrated to Canada from the West Indies and Africa during the 20th century.