My family, and I have taken DNA tests to trace our family, and the results are quite interesting. My straight line female DNA test went through Europe, and into North Africa. My brothers male line DNA test found us in Columbia South America.

My first cousin on my fathers stated that he took a DNA test, and they found connections in Nigeria. The test he took revealed that our maternal Grandmothers family came from Nigeria. The tribes we connected to are the Fulani & Kanuri. My Grandmother Annie Bonaparte, came to Pennsylvania from South Carolina. They were slaves in South Carolina, and until now we had little information on their background.

This is actually the second tribe my family has connected to. On my mothers side, my Great-Great Grandmother, Leah Ruth, was sold into slavery from Guinea West Africa. Her tribe were the Malinke, who were also part of the Mali Empire. She, and her family were Muslims, and she was also a slave in South Carolina.

If would like to know more about the Fulani.